July 30, 2010

Passwords – How Safe is Your Online Information?

Your online security is only as good as your password. You probably make regular visits to dozens of sites that require passwords, so keeping track of them can be a chore. Dealing with so many passwords causes people to do some very unwise things. They might write them down, or store them on a computer file, or even use the same password for everything. All of these defeat the purpose of passwords and can result in compromising your important data.

Recently, an anonymous user posted 10,000 usernames and passwords that had been lifted from Windows Live Hotmail accounts. An online internet security company analyzed these passwords and found some very distressing trends.

  • The most common password was ’123456′
  • The second most common password was ’123456789′
  • Many passwords were people’s names
  • Only 6% used strong passwords which contain a combination of alpha, numeric and other characters

With the requirement for so many passwords, how do you keep track of them?

Security experts say that passwords should use a combination of letters, numbers and other characters and shouldn’t include names, dates or dictionary words. They also say that you should change your password frequently. It’s no wonder that people feel they have to write them down.

Here are some simple rules and tips to help you with coming up with secure passwords and then remembering them when you do:

  • Make Passwords Hard to Guess but Easy to Remember
    When establishing passwords, think of a short phrase that only you would remember and make an acronym. For example, “I Love The Rain” would yield ‘iltr’.  Now, capitalize one or more of the characters and you have ‘iLtr’.  Using this method, you will come up with virtually unguessable passwords.
  • Develop Several ‘Core’ Passwords
    The previous tip will result is a ‘core’ password. Adding at least two numbers and a special character will result in a very strong password. The numbers you use can be from a phone number, address or date. Varying where you put the numbers and special characters will make the password even more secure.
  • Never Compromise Your Password
    Make it hard for hackers and never write your password down. If you sign up for a service that sends you an email confirmation with your password printed in plain text, change it immediately. Never give your password away.  If your password is out of your control, so is your personal information.
  • For Low Security Sites, Use the Same Password
    Sites that don’t store any personal information don’t pose much of a security risk. If you find that you may need to enter personal information later, change your password to make it more secure.
  • Use Extra Security for Financial Passwords
    Each financial site should ALWAYS have its own password. These sites can result in the most risk if your account is compromised. Select the most secure password you can and change it monthly.

/Steve

Laptop, Notebook or Netbook

HappyNotebook-smallIn 2008, more notebook style PCs were sold than desktop PCs, and with the introduction of netbook PCs, this should be the case for 2009.  Currently, netbooks account for almost 6% of the total PC market and some analysts project that sales will remain strong throughout the holiday season.  However, after that is anyone’s guess.  The netbook’s small, inconvenient size and lack of capabilities may be a limiting factor to continued sales growth.

But what’s the difference between a laptop PC and a notebook PC?  And what is a netbook?  There doesn’t appear to be any official descriptions, so I’ve come up with my own:

Laptop – A portable PC with all the capabilities and power of a desktop, but small enough to use while on your lap, weight doesn’t seem to be an issue.

Notebook – Similar to a Laptop PC, but thinner and lighter, generally less than 6 lbs.

Netbook – Smaller and less capable than a Notebook PC, optimized for Internet usage (hence the “Net” in Netbook). Netbooks usually do not have an optical drive and weigh in at 2-3 lbs.

Count me as a netbook fan.  I’ve got some great uses:

  • they’re just the right size for taking into the kitchen for menu reference
  • the exceptional battery life makes them perfect for travel when you might not be near AC power
  • for connecting wirelessly to your desktop PC and acting as a remote desktop

GigaOM talks about Notebooks vs Netbooks

/Steve

Wi-Fi Direct Takes on Bluetooth

WiFiBluetoothThe Wi-Fi Alliance formally announced a new Wi-Fi protocol called “Wi-Fi Direct.” This new protocol will allow devices to communicate directly with each other without the need for a dedicated Access Point.

Typically, Wi-Fi works in what is known as Infrastructure mode, where each device communicates through an access point to other devices. Bluetooth technology eliminates the need for this intermediary device and allows devices to communicate directly with each other.

Bluetooth may have one advantage in that it has very low power requirements, but the speed and range of Wi-Fi Direct will make for some interesting applications. I’m looking forward to using wireless stereo headphones all the way out into the garage.

/Steve

CAT5 Explained

CAT5-CableCAT5 (Category 5) is an ethernet network cable standard that describes the physical characteristics of the wiring used to carry data along digital networks. CAT5 cable is made up of 4 twisted pairs of unshielded wires encased in a polyethylene sheath. A completed cable will have a RJ-45 plug at each end.

The outer sheath of CAT5 cable is generally blue, but can be any color, “CAT5″ will be printed on the outer sheathing to indicate its certification. Each separate wire inside is also sheathed in plastic with a standard color scheme.

The technology behind this standard is referred to as “unshielded twisted pair” in that a pair of unshielded wires are twisted together to cancel out electromagnetic interference.

There are 4 different color pairs and in order to minimise crosstalk interference, the interval between the twists of each color pair is slightly different.

CAT5 Table

CAT5 Table

The cable is terminated in either the T568A scheme or the T568B scheme. Canada uses the T568A standard and the United States commonly uses T568B scheme. It really doesn’t make any difference which is used as long as you use only one of the standards so all connections are the same at your location to avoid confusion and potential problems. Mixed cable types should not be connected in series as the impedance per pair differs slightly and may cause signal degradation.

History

Work began on developing a telecommunications cabling standard in 1985. In 1987, equipment was being manufactured that could use twisted pair telephone cable for data communication, and in 1991, the first standard was published for CAT3 cabling, which is what is still used for most voice (telephone) communications today. The standards for CAT4 and CAT5 were released later in 1991. It wasn’t until 2001 that the standard for CAT5e was released.

  • Cat 1: Currently not recognized by TIA/EIA. Previously used for POTS (plain old telephone system) telephone communications, ISDN and doorbell wiring.
  • Cat 2: Currently not recognized by TIA/EIA. Previously was frequently used on 4 Mbit/s token ring networks.
  • Cat 3: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B, used for data networks using frequencies up to 16 MHz. Historically popular for 10 Mbit/s Ethernet networks.
  • Cat 4: Currently not recognized by TIA/EIA but originally defined in TIA/EIA-568-A. Defined up to 20 MHz, and was frequently used on 16 Mbit/s token ring networks.
  • Cat 5: Currently not recognized by TIA/EIA but originally defined in TIA/EIA-568-A. Defined up to 100 MHz, and was frequently used on 100 Mbit/s Ethernet networks. May be unsuitable for 1000BASE-T gigabit ethernet.
  • Cat 5e: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. Defined up to 100 MHz, and is frequently used for both 100 Mbit/s and 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet networks.
  • Cat 6: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. Defined of up to 250 MHz, more than double category 5 and 5e.
  • Cat 6a: Currently defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10. Provides performance of up to 500 MHz, double that of category 6. Suitable for 10GBase-T.
  • Cat 7: An informal name applied to ISO/IEC 11801 Class F cabling. This standard specifies four individually-shielded pairs (STP) inside an overall shield. Defined up to 600 MHz.
  • Cat 7a: An informal name applied to Amendment 1 of ISO/IEC 11801 Class F cabling. Defined up to 1000 MHz.

Final Word

For your home network where the cables are not being installed in the walls, CAT5e is the way to go unless all of your network components are rated for Gigabit speeds. If they are, you may see the benefit of using CAT6 cables. If you are completely wiring or re-wiring your home, you should go with CAT6 cable to make sure that it will meet your future performance needs.

/steve

Router Basics

RouterA Router is a networking device that directs the flow of data along networks. Routers are connected to at least two separate networks, commonly two LANs (Local Area Network) or WANs (Wide Area Network) or, as in your home network, your LAN and the Internet. Routers are also known as gateways, located where two or more networks connect, and are the critical device that keeps data flowing between the networks.

The routers we use in our home networks are sometimes referred to as “residential gateways” and are frequently used to connect to a broadband service over cable or DSL. These routers may also include an internal cable or DSL modem. Residential gateways typically provide firewall functionality through network address translation (NAT) and port address translation. Instead of directly presenting the IP addresses of local computers to the remote network, such a residential gateway makes multiple local computers appear to be a single computer. In terms of home network security, your router is the mask you wear, effectively hiding your real identity from the internet.

This article provides a very simplistic definition of a router. The router performs an amazing amount of work behind the scenes, and is the device that is most responsible for allowing the Internet to work at all.